Ina conference that the aqueduct did to our class (6a) we learned to many things like:
-The water is indispensable for the live in the planet
-Only 3% of the water in the world is able for the human consume
-The water takes 18 hours to get to our homes but is a constant process so there is constant water flow.
-If we begin wasting water from now in some years it can desappear
-To save the water we can recycle it.
To recycle water we can:
1. Check faucets and pipes for leaks
A small drip from a worn faucet washer can waste 20 gallons of water per day. Larger leaks can waste hundreds of gallons.
2. Don't use the toilet as an ashtray or wastebasket
Every time you flush a cigarette butt, facial tissue or other small bit of trash, five to seven gallons of water is wasted.
3. Check your toilets for leaks
Put a little food coloring in your toilet tank. If, without flushing, the color begins to appear in the bowl within 30 minutes, you have a leak that should be repaired immediately. Most replacement parts are inexpensive and easy to install.
4. Use your water meter to check for hidden water leaks
Read the house water meter before and after a two-hour period when no water is being used. If the meter does not read exactly the same, there is a leak.
5. Install water-saving shower heads and low-flow faucet aerators
Inexpensive water-saving low-flow shower heads or restrictors are easy for the homeowner to install. Also, long, hot showers can use five to ten gallons every unneeded minute. Limit your showers to the time it takes to soap up, wash down and rinse off. "Low-flow" means it uses less than 2.5 gallons per minute.
You can easily install a ShowerStart showerhead, or add a ShowerStart converter to existing showerheads, which automatically pauses a running shower once it gets warm.
Also, all household faucets should be fit with aerators. This single best home water conservation method is also the cheapest!
6. Put plastic bottles or float booster in your toilet tank
To cut down on water waste, put an inch or two of sand or pebbles inside each of two plastic bottles to weigh them down. Fill the bottles with water, screw the lids on, and put them in your toilet tank, safely away from the operating mechanisms. Or, buy an inexpensive tank bank or float booster. This may save ten or more gallons of water per day.
Be sure at least 3 gallons of water remain in the tank so it will flush properly. If there is not enough water to get a proper flush, users will hold the lever down too long or do multiple flushes to get rid of waste. Two flushings at 1.4 gallons is worse than a single 2.0 gallon flush. A better suggestion would be to buy an adjustable toilet flapper that allow for adjustment of their per flush use. Then the user can adjust the flush rate to the minimum per flush setting that achieves a single good flush each time.
For new installations, consider buying "low flush" toilets, which use 1 to 2 gallons per flush instead of the usual 3 to 5 gallons.
Replacing an 18 liter per flush toilet with an ultra-low volume (ULV) 6 liter flush model represents a 70% savings in water flushed and will cut indoor water use by about 30%.
7. Insulate your water pipes.
It's easy and inexpensive to insulate your water pipes with pre-slit foam pipe insulation. You'll get hot water faster plus avoid wasting water while it heats up.
8. Take shorter showers.
One way to cut down on water use is to turn off the shower after soaping up, then turn it back on to rinse. A four-minute shower uses approximately 20 to 40 gallons of water.
9. Turn off the water after you wet your toothbrush
There is no need to keep the water running while brushing your teeth. Just wet your brush and fill a glass for mouth rinsing.
10. Rinse your razor in the sink
Fill the sink with a few inches of warm water. This will rinse your razor just as well as running water, with far less waste of water.
11. Use your dishwasher and clothes washer for only full loads
Automatic dishwashers and clothes washers should be fully loaded for optimum water conservation. Most makers of dishwashing soap recomend not pre-rinsing dishes which is a big water savings.
With clothes washers, avoid the permanent press cycle, which uses an added 20 liters (5 gallons) for the extra rinse. For partial loads, adjust water levels to match the size of the load. Replace old clothes washers. New Energy Star rated washers use 35 - 50% less water and 50% less energy per load. If you're in the market for a new clothes washer, consider buying a water-saving frontload washer.
12. Minimize use of kitchen sink garbage disposal units
In-sink 'garburators' require lots of water to operate properly, and also add considerably to the volume of solids in a septic tank which can lead to maintenance problems. Start a compost pile as an alternate method of disposing food waste.
13. When washing dishes by hand, don't leave the water running for rinsing
If your have a double-basin, fill one with soapy water and one with rinse water. If you have a single-basin sink, gather washed dishes in a dish rack and rinse them with a spray device or a panful of hot water. Dual-swivel aerators are available to make this easier. If using a dishwasher, there is usually no need to pre-rinse the dishes.
14. Don't let the faucet run while you clean vegetables
Just rinse them in a stoppered sink or a pan of clean water. Use a dual-setting aerator.
15. Keep a bottle of drinking water in the fridge.
Running tap water to cool it off for drinking water is wasteful. Store drinking water in the fridge in a safe drinking bottle.
water conservation in the yard and garden...
16. Plant drought-resistant lawns, shrubs and plants
If you are planting a new lawn, or overseeding an existing lawn, use drought-resistant grasses such as the new "Eco-Lawn".
Many beautiful shrubs and plants thrive with far less watering than other species. Replace herbaceous perennial borders with native plants. Native plants will use less water and be more resistant to local plant diseases. Consider applying the principles of xeriscape for a low-maintenance, drought resistant yard.
Plant slopes with plants that will retain water and help reduce runoff.
Group plants according to their watering needs.
17. Put a layer of mulch around trees and plants
Mulch will slow evaporation of moisture while discouraging weed growth. Adding 2 - 4 inches of organic material such as compost or bark mulch will increase the ability of the soil to retain moisture. Press the mulch down around the dripline of each plant to form a slight depression which will prevent or minimize water runoff.
For information about different mulch materials and their best use, click here.
18. Don't water the gutter
Position your sprinklers so water lands on the lawn or garden, not on paved areas. Also, avoid watering on windy days.
19. Water your lawn only when it needs it
A good way to see if your lawn needs watering is to step on the grass. If it springs back up when you move, it doesn't need water. If it stays flat, the lawn is ready for watering. Letting the grass grow taller (to 3") will also promote water retention in the soil.
Most lawns only need about 1" of water each week. During dry spells, you can stop watering altogether and the lawn will go brown and dormant. Once cooler weather arrives, the morning dew and rainfall will bring the lawn back to its usual vigor. This may result in a brown summer lawn, but it saves a lot of water.
20. Deep-soak your lawn
When watering the lawn, do it long enough for the moisture to soak down to the roots where it will do the most good. A light sprinkling can evaporate quickly and tends to encourage shallow root systems. Put an empty tuna can on your lawn - when it's full, you've watered about the right amount. Visit our natural lawn care page for more information.
21. Water during the early parts of the day; avoid watering when it's windy
Early morning is generally better than dusk since it helps prevent the growth of fungus. Early watering, and late watering, also reduce water loss to evaporation. Watering early in the day is also the best defence against slugs and other garden pests. Try not to water when it's windy - wind can blow sprinklers off target and speed evaporation.
22. Add organic matter and use efficient watering systems for shrubs, flower beds and lawns
Adding organic material to your soil will help increase its absorption and water retention. Areas which are already planted can be 'top dressed' with compost or organic matter.
You can greatly reduce the amount of water used for shrubs, beds and lawns by:
- the strategic placement of soaker hoses
- installing a rain barrel water catchment system
- installing a simple drip-irrigation system
Avoid over-watering plants and shrubs, as this can actually diminish plant health and cause yellowing of the leaves.
When hand watering, use a variable spray nozzle for targeted watering.
23. Don't run the hose while washing your car
Clean the car using a pail of soapy water. Use the hose only for rinsing - this simple practice can save as much as 150 gallons when washing a car. Use a spray nozzle when rinsing for more efficient use of water. Better yet, use a waterless car washing system; there are several brands, such as EcoTouch, which are now on the market.
24. Use a broom, not a hose, to clean driveways and sidewalks
25. Check for leaks in pipes, hoses, faucets and couplings
Leaks outside the house may not seem as bad since they're not as visible. But they can be just as wasteful as leaks indoors. Check frequently to keep them drip-free. Use hose washers at spigots and hose connections to eliminate leaks.
Thursday, April 29, 2010
Water song
THE WATER IS FOR YOU
THE WATER IS FOR ME
THE WATER IS FOR HE AND SHE
TAKE CARE OF IT
THE WATER IS GOOD
THE WATER IS FOR EVERYONE
THE WATER IS FOR YOU
TAKE CARE EVERYTIME
DO YOU TAKE CARE OF IT?
DON'T PLAY WITH IT
DO YOUR FAMILY NEED WATER
TAKE CARE OF IT
THE WATER IS IMPORTANT
ALL OVER THE WORLD
EVERYBODY NEEDS IT
HELP AND SAVE IT ALL
THE WATER IS FOR YOU
THE WATER IS FOR ME
THE WATER IS FOR HE AND SHE
TAKE CARE OF IT (bis)
OHHHHHH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
THE WATEEERRRRRR!!!!!!!!!!
YEAHHHHHHHHH !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
YEAH!
THE WATER IS FOR ME
THE WATER IS FOR HE AND SHE
TAKE CARE OF IT
THE WATER IS GOOD
THE WATER IS FOR EVERYONE
THE WATER IS FOR YOU
TAKE CARE EVERYTIME
DO YOU TAKE CARE OF IT?
DON'T PLAY WITH IT
DO YOUR FAMILY NEED WATER
TAKE CARE OF IT
THE WATER IS IMPORTANT
ALL OVER THE WORLD
EVERYBODY NEEDS IT
HELP AND SAVE IT ALL
THE WATER IS FOR YOU
THE WATER IS FOR ME
THE WATER IS FOR HE AND SHE
TAKE CARE OF IT (bis)
OHHHHHH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
THE WATEEERRRRRR!!!!!!!!!!
YEAHHHHHHHHH !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
YEAH!
Sunday, April 11, 2010
Water Investigation
Chemical and physical properties:
Water is the chemical substance with chemical formula H2O: one molecule of water has two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to a single oxygen atom.
Water appears in nature in all three common states of matter and may take many different forms on Earth: water vapor and clouds in the sky; seawater and icebergs in the polar oceans; glaciers and rivers in the mountains; and the liquid in aquifers in the ground.
The major chemical and physical properties of water are:
• Water is a tasteless, odorless liquid at standard temperature and pressure. The color of water and ice is, intrinsically, a very slight blue hue, although water appears colorless in small quantities. Ice also appears colorless, and water vapor is essentially invisible as a gas.
• Water is a good solvent and is often referred to as the universal solvent. Substances that dissolve in water, e.g., salts, sugars, acids, alkalis, and some gases – especially oxygen, carbon dioxide (carbonation) are known as hydrophilic (water-loving) substances, while those that do not mix well with water (e.g., fats and oils), are known as hydrophobic (water-fearing) substances.
• All the major components in cells (proteins, DNA and polysaccharides) are also dissolved in water.
• The boiling point of water (and all other liquids) is dependent on the barometric pressure. For example, on the top of Mt. Everest water boils at about 68 °C (154 °F), compared to 100 °C (212 °F) at sea level. Conversely, water deep in the ocean near geothermal vents can reach temperatures of hundreds of degrees and remain liquid.
Taste and odor
Water can dissolve many different substances, giving it varying tastes and odors. Humans and other animals have developed senses which (more or less) enable them to evaluate the potability of water by avoiding water that is too salty or putrid. Humans also tend to prefer cold water to lukewarm water since cold water is likely to contain fewer microbes. The taste advertised in spring water or mineral water derives from the minerals dissolved in it: Pure H2O is tasteless and odorless. The advertised purity of spring and mineral water refers to absence of toxins, pollutants and microbes.
Water in the universe
Much of the universe's water may be produced as a byproduct of star formation. When stars are born, their birth is accompanied by a strong outward wind of gas and dust. When this outflow of material eventually impacts the surrounding gas, the shock waves that are created compress and heat the gas. The water observed is quickly produced in this warm dense gas.
Water has been detected in interstellar clouds within our galaxy, the Milky Way. Water probably exists in abundance in other galaxies, too, because its components, hydrogen and oxygen, are among the most abundant elements in the universe. Interstellar clouds eventually condense into solar nebulae and solar systems such as ours.
Water vapor is present in
• Atmosphere of Mercury: 3.4%, and large amounts of water in Mercury's exosphere[16]
• Atmosphere of Venus: 0.002%
• Earth's atmosphere: ~0.40% over full atmosphere, typically 1–4% at surface
• Atmosphere of Mars: 0.03%
• Atmosphere of Jupiter: 0.0004%
• Atmosphere of Saturn – in ices only
• Enceladus (moon of Saturn): 91%
• exoplanets known as HD 189733 band HD 209458 b.[18]
Liquid water is present on
• Earth – 71% of surface
• Moon – small amounts of water have been found (in 2008) in the inside of volcanic pearls brought from Moon to Earth by the Apollo 15 crew in 1971. NASA reported the detection of water molecules by NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper aboard the Indian Space Research Organization's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft in September 2009.
Water cycle
Main article: Water cycle
Water cycle
The water cycle (known scientifically as the hydrologic cycle) refers to the continuous exchange of water within the hydrosphere, between the atmosphere, soil water, surface water, groundwater, and plants.
Water moves perpetually through each of these regions in the water cycle consisting of following transfer processes:
• Evaporation from oceans and other water bodies into the air and transpiration from land plants and animals into air.
• Precipitation, from water vapor condensing from the air and falling to earth or ocean.
• Runoff from the land usually reaching the sea.
Most water vapor over the oceans returns to the oceans, but winds carry water vapor over land at the same rate as runoff into the sea, about 36 Tt per year. Over land, evaporation and transpiration contribute another 71 Tt per year. Precipitation, at a rate of 107 Tt per year over land, has several forms: most commonly rain, snow, and hail, with some contribution from fog and dew. Condensed water in the air may also refract sunlight to produce rainbows.
Water runoff often collects over watersheds flowing into rivers. A mathematical model used to simulate river or stream flow and calculate water quality parameters is hydrological transport model. Some of water is diverted to irrigation for agriculture. Rivers and seas offer opportunity for travel and commerce. Through erosion, runoff shapes the environment creating river valleys and deltas which provide rich soil and level ground for the establishment of population centers. A flood occurs when an area of land, usually low-lying, is covered with water. It is when a river overflows its banks or flood from the sea. A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. This occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation.
Health and pollution
Water fit for human consumption is called drinking water or potable water. Water that is not potable can be made potable by filtration or distillation (heating it until it becomes water vapor, and then capturing the vapor without any of the impurities it leaves behind), or by other methods (chemical or heat treatment that kills bacteria). Sometimes the term safe water is applied to potable water of a lower quality threshold (i.e., it is used effectively for nutrition in humans that have weak access to water cleaning processes, and does more good than harm). Water that is not fit for drinking but is not harmful for humans when used for swimming or bathing is called by various names other than potable or drinking water, and is sometimes called safe water, or "safe for bathing". Chlorine is a skin and mucous membrane irritant that is used to make water safe for bathing or drinking. Its use is highly technical and is usually monitored by government regulations (typically 1 part per million (ppm) for drinking water, and 1–2 ppm of chlorine not yet reacted with impurities for bathing water).
This natural resource is becoming scarcer in certain places, and its availability is a major social and economic concern. Currently, about a billion people around the world routinely drink unhealthy water. Most countries accepted the goal of halving by 2015 the number of people worldwide who do not have access to safe water and sanitation during the 2003 G8 Evian summit. Even if this difficult goal is met, it will still leave more than an estimated half a billion people without access to safe drinking water and over a billion without access to adequate sanitation. Poor water quality and bad sanitation are deadly; some five million deaths a year are caused by polluted drinking water. The World Health Organization estimates that safe water could prevent 1.4 million child deaths from diarrhea each year.[27] Water, however, is not a finite resource, but rather re-circulated as potable water in precipitation in quantities many degrees of magnitude higher than human consumption. Therefore, it is the relatively small quantity of water in reserve in the earth (about 1% of our drinking water supply, which is replenished in aquifers around every 1 to 10 years), that is a non-renewable resource, and it is, rather, the distribution of potable and irrigation water which is scarce, rather than the actual amount of it that exists on the earth. Water-poor countries use importation of goods as the primary method of importing water (to leave enough for local human consumption), since the manufacturing process uses around 10 to 100 times products' masses in water.
In the developing world, 90% of all wastewater still goes untreated into local rivers and streams. Some 50 countries, with roughly a third of the world’s population, also suffer from medium or high water stress, and 17 of these extract more water annually than is recharged through their natural water cycles. The strain not only affects surface freshwater bodies like rivers and lakes, but it also degrades groundwater resources.
Human uses
Agriculture
Irrigation of field crops
The most important use of water in agriculture is for irrigation, which is a key component to produce enough food. Irrigation takes up to 90% of water withdrawn in some developing countries and significant proportions in more economically developed countries (United States, 30% of freshwater usage is for irrigation).
Water as a scientific standard
On 7 April 1795, the gram was defined in France to be equal to "the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to a cube of one hundredth of a meter, and to the temperature of the melting ice." For practical purposes though, a metallic reference standard was required, one thousand times more massive, the kilogram. Work was therefore commissioned to determine precisely the mass of one liter of water. In spite of the fact that the decreed definition of the gram specified water at 0 °C—a highly reproducible temperature—the scientists chose to redefine the standard and to perform their measurements at the temperature of highest water density, which was measured at the time as 4 °C (39 °F).
The Kelvin temperature scale of the SI system is based on the triple point of water, defined as exactly 273.16 K or 0.01 °C. The scale is a more accurate development of the Celsius temperature scale, which was originally defined according the boiling point (set to 100 °C) and melting point (set to 0 °C) of water.
Natural water consists mainly of the isotopes hydrogen-1 and oxygen-16, but there is also small quantity of heavier isotopes such as hydrogen-2 (deuterium). The amount of deuterium oxides or heavy water is very small, but it still affects the properties of water.
Water from rivers and lakes tends to contain less deuterium than seawater. Therefore, standard water is defined in the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water specification.
For drinking
The human body is anywhere from 55% to 78% water depending on body size.[34] To function properly, the body requires between one and seven liters of water per day to avoid dehydration; the precise amount depends on the level of activity, temperature, humidity, and other factors. Most of this is ingested through foods or beverages other than drinking straight water. It is not clear how much water intake is needed by healthy people, though most advocates agree that 6–7 glasses of water (approximately 2 liters) daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration. Medical literature favors a lower consumption, typically 1 liter of water for an average male, excluding extra requirements due to fluid loss from exercise or warm weather. For those who have healthy kidneys, it is rather difficult to drink too much water, but (especially in warm humid weather and while exercising) it is dangerous to drink too little. People can drink far more water than necessary while exercising, however, putting them at risk of water intoxication (hyper hydration), which can be fatal. The "fact" that a person should consume eight glasses of water per day cannot be traced back to a scientific source. There are other myths such as the effect of water on weight loss and constipation that have been dispelled.
Hygiene
The ability of water to make solutions and emulsions is used for washing. Many industrial processes rely on reactions using chemicals dissolved in water, suspension of solids in water slurries or using water to dissolve and extract substances.
Food processing
Water can be used to cook foods such as noodles.
Water plays many critical roles within the field of food science. It is important for a food scientist to understand the roles that water plays within food processing to ensure the success of their products.
Solutes such as salts and sugars found in water affect the physical properties of water. The boiling and freezing points of water is affected by solutes. One mole of sucrose (sugar) per kilogram of water raises the boiling point of water by 0.51 °C, and one mole of salt per kg raises the boiling point by 1.02 °C; similarly, increasing the number of dissolved particles lowers water's freezing point. Solutes in water also affect water activity which affects many chemical reactions and the growth of microbes in food. Water activity can be described as a ratio of the vapor pressure of water in a solution to the vapor pressure of pure water.[44] Solutes in water lower water activity. This is important to know because most bacterial growth ceases at low levels of water activity. Not only does microbial growth affect the safety of food but also the preservation and shelf life of food.
Water hardness is also a critical factor in food processing. It can dramatically affect the quality of a product as well as playing a role in sanitation. Water hardness is classified based on the amounts of removable calcium carbonate salt it contains per gallon. Water hardness is measured in grains; 0.064 g calcium carbonate is equivalent to one grain of hardness. Water is classified as soft if it contains 1 to 4 grains, medium if it contains 5 to 10 grains and hard if it contains 11 to 20 grains. The hardness of water may be altered or treated by using a chemical ion exchange system. The hardness of water also affects its pH balance which plays a critical role in food processing. For example, hard water prevents successful production of clear beverages. Water hardness also affects sanitation; with increasing hardness, there is a loss of effectiveness for its use as a sanitizer.
Boiling, steaming, and simmering are popular cooking methods that often require immersing food in water or its gaseous state, steam. Water is also used for dishwashing.
Water law, water politics and water crisis
An estimate of the share of people in developing countries with access to drinking water 1970–2000
Main articles: Water law, Water right, Water politics, and Water crisis
See also: Water resources
Water politics is politics affected by water and water resources. For this reason, water is a strategic resource in the globe and an important element in many political conflicts. It causes health impacts and damage to biodiversity.
1.6 billion people have gained access to a safe water source since 1990.[46] The proportion of people in developing countries with access to safe water is calculated to have improved from 30% in 1970[4] to 71% in 1990, 79% in 2000 and 84% in 2004. This trend is projected to continue.[5] To halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water is one of the Millennium Development Goals. This goal is projected to be reached.
A 2006 United Nations report stated that "there is enough water for everyone", but that access to it is hampered by mismanagement and corruption.[47]
The UN World Water Development Report (WWDR, 2003) from the World Water Assessment Program indicates that, in the next 20 years, the quantity of water available to everyone is predicted to decrease by 30%. 40% of the world's inhabitants currently have insufficient fresh water for minimal hygiene. More than 2.2 million people died in 2000 from waterborne diseases (related to the consumption of contaminated water) or drought. In 2004, the UK charity WaterAid reported that a child dies every 15 seconds from easily preventable water-related diseases; often this means lack of sewage disposal; see toilet.
Organizations concerned with water protection include International Water Association (IWA), WaterAid, Water 1st, American Water Resources Association. Water related conventions are United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and Ramsar Convention. World Day for Water takes place on 22 March and World Ocean Day on 8 June.
Water used in the production of a good or service is virtual water.
Religion
Main article: Water and religion
Water is considered a purifier in most religions. Major faiths that incorporate ritual washing (ablution) include Christianity, Hinduism, Rastafari movement, Islam, Shinto, Taoism, and Judaism. Immersion (or aspersion or affusion) of a person in water is a central sacrament of Christianity (where it is called baptism); it is also a part of the practice of other religions, including Judaism (mikvah) and Sikhism (Amrit Sanskar). In addition, a ritual bath in pure water is performed for the dead in many religions including Judaism and Islam. In Islam, the five daily prayers can be done in most cases (see Tayammum) after completing washing certain parts of the body using clean water (wudu). In Shinto, water is used in almost all rituals to cleanse a person or an area (e.g., in the ritual of misogi). Water is mentioned in the Bible 442 times in the New International Version and 363 times in the King James Version: 2 Peter 3:5(b) states, "The earth was formed out of water and by water" (NIV). In the Qur'an it is stated that "Living things are made of water" and it is often used to described Paradise.
Water is the chemical substance with chemical formula H2O: one molecule of water has two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to a single oxygen atom.
Water appears in nature in all three common states of matter and may take many different forms on Earth: water vapor and clouds in the sky; seawater and icebergs in the polar oceans; glaciers and rivers in the mountains; and the liquid in aquifers in the ground.
The major chemical and physical properties of water are:
• Water is a tasteless, odorless liquid at standard temperature and pressure. The color of water and ice is, intrinsically, a very slight blue hue, although water appears colorless in small quantities. Ice also appears colorless, and water vapor is essentially invisible as a gas.
• Water is a good solvent and is often referred to as the universal solvent. Substances that dissolve in water, e.g., salts, sugars, acids, alkalis, and some gases – especially oxygen, carbon dioxide (carbonation) are known as hydrophilic (water-loving) substances, while those that do not mix well with water (e.g., fats and oils), are known as hydrophobic (water-fearing) substances.
• All the major components in cells (proteins, DNA and polysaccharides) are also dissolved in water.
• The boiling point of water (and all other liquids) is dependent on the barometric pressure. For example, on the top of Mt. Everest water boils at about 68 °C (154 °F), compared to 100 °C (212 °F) at sea level. Conversely, water deep in the ocean near geothermal vents can reach temperatures of hundreds of degrees and remain liquid.
Taste and odor
Water can dissolve many different substances, giving it varying tastes and odors. Humans and other animals have developed senses which (more or less) enable them to evaluate the potability of water by avoiding water that is too salty or putrid. Humans also tend to prefer cold water to lukewarm water since cold water is likely to contain fewer microbes. The taste advertised in spring water or mineral water derives from the minerals dissolved in it: Pure H2O is tasteless and odorless. The advertised purity of spring and mineral water refers to absence of toxins, pollutants and microbes.
Water in the universe
Much of the universe's water may be produced as a byproduct of star formation. When stars are born, their birth is accompanied by a strong outward wind of gas and dust. When this outflow of material eventually impacts the surrounding gas, the shock waves that are created compress and heat the gas. The water observed is quickly produced in this warm dense gas.
Water has been detected in interstellar clouds within our galaxy, the Milky Way. Water probably exists in abundance in other galaxies, too, because its components, hydrogen and oxygen, are among the most abundant elements in the universe. Interstellar clouds eventually condense into solar nebulae and solar systems such as ours.
Water vapor is present in
• Atmosphere of Mercury: 3.4%, and large amounts of water in Mercury's exosphere[16]
• Atmosphere of Venus: 0.002%
• Earth's atmosphere: ~0.40% over full atmosphere, typically 1–4% at surface
• Atmosphere of Mars: 0.03%
• Atmosphere of Jupiter: 0.0004%
• Atmosphere of Saturn – in ices only
• Enceladus (moon of Saturn): 91%
• exoplanets known as HD 189733 band HD 209458 b.[18]
Liquid water is present on
• Earth – 71% of surface
• Moon – small amounts of water have been found (in 2008) in the inside of volcanic pearls brought from Moon to Earth by the Apollo 15 crew in 1971. NASA reported the detection of water molecules by NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper aboard the Indian Space Research Organization's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft in September 2009.
Water cycle
Main article: Water cycle
Water cycle
The water cycle (known scientifically as the hydrologic cycle) refers to the continuous exchange of water within the hydrosphere, between the atmosphere, soil water, surface water, groundwater, and plants.
Water moves perpetually through each of these regions in the water cycle consisting of following transfer processes:
• Evaporation from oceans and other water bodies into the air and transpiration from land plants and animals into air.
• Precipitation, from water vapor condensing from the air and falling to earth or ocean.
• Runoff from the land usually reaching the sea.
Most water vapor over the oceans returns to the oceans, but winds carry water vapor over land at the same rate as runoff into the sea, about 36 Tt per year. Over land, evaporation and transpiration contribute another 71 Tt per year. Precipitation, at a rate of 107 Tt per year over land, has several forms: most commonly rain, snow, and hail, with some contribution from fog and dew. Condensed water in the air may also refract sunlight to produce rainbows.
Water runoff often collects over watersheds flowing into rivers. A mathematical model used to simulate river or stream flow and calculate water quality parameters is hydrological transport model. Some of water is diverted to irrigation for agriculture. Rivers and seas offer opportunity for travel and commerce. Through erosion, runoff shapes the environment creating river valleys and deltas which provide rich soil and level ground for the establishment of population centers. A flood occurs when an area of land, usually low-lying, is covered with water. It is when a river overflows its banks or flood from the sea. A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. This occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation.
Health and pollution
Water fit for human consumption is called drinking water or potable water. Water that is not potable can be made potable by filtration or distillation (heating it until it becomes water vapor, and then capturing the vapor without any of the impurities it leaves behind), or by other methods (chemical or heat treatment that kills bacteria). Sometimes the term safe water is applied to potable water of a lower quality threshold (i.e., it is used effectively for nutrition in humans that have weak access to water cleaning processes, and does more good than harm). Water that is not fit for drinking but is not harmful for humans when used for swimming or bathing is called by various names other than potable or drinking water, and is sometimes called safe water, or "safe for bathing". Chlorine is a skin and mucous membrane irritant that is used to make water safe for bathing or drinking. Its use is highly technical and is usually monitored by government regulations (typically 1 part per million (ppm) for drinking water, and 1–2 ppm of chlorine not yet reacted with impurities for bathing water).
This natural resource is becoming scarcer in certain places, and its availability is a major social and economic concern. Currently, about a billion people around the world routinely drink unhealthy water. Most countries accepted the goal of halving by 2015 the number of people worldwide who do not have access to safe water and sanitation during the 2003 G8 Evian summit. Even if this difficult goal is met, it will still leave more than an estimated half a billion people without access to safe drinking water and over a billion without access to adequate sanitation. Poor water quality and bad sanitation are deadly; some five million deaths a year are caused by polluted drinking water. The World Health Organization estimates that safe water could prevent 1.4 million child deaths from diarrhea each year.[27] Water, however, is not a finite resource, but rather re-circulated as potable water in precipitation in quantities many degrees of magnitude higher than human consumption. Therefore, it is the relatively small quantity of water in reserve in the earth (about 1% of our drinking water supply, which is replenished in aquifers around every 1 to 10 years), that is a non-renewable resource, and it is, rather, the distribution of potable and irrigation water which is scarce, rather than the actual amount of it that exists on the earth. Water-poor countries use importation of goods as the primary method of importing water (to leave enough for local human consumption), since the manufacturing process uses around 10 to 100 times products' masses in water.
In the developing world, 90% of all wastewater still goes untreated into local rivers and streams. Some 50 countries, with roughly a third of the world’s population, also suffer from medium or high water stress, and 17 of these extract more water annually than is recharged through their natural water cycles. The strain not only affects surface freshwater bodies like rivers and lakes, but it also degrades groundwater resources.
Human uses
Agriculture
Irrigation of field crops
The most important use of water in agriculture is for irrigation, which is a key component to produce enough food. Irrigation takes up to 90% of water withdrawn in some developing countries and significant proportions in more economically developed countries (United States, 30% of freshwater usage is for irrigation).
Water as a scientific standard
On 7 April 1795, the gram was defined in France to be equal to "the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to a cube of one hundredth of a meter, and to the temperature of the melting ice." For practical purposes though, a metallic reference standard was required, one thousand times more massive, the kilogram. Work was therefore commissioned to determine precisely the mass of one liter of water. In spite of the fact that the decreed definition of the gram specified water at 0 °C—a highly reproducible temperature—the scientists chose to redefine the standard and to perform their measurements at the temperature of highest water density, which was measured at the time as 4 °C (39 °F).
The Kelvin temperature scale of the SI system is based on the triple point of water, defined as exactly 273.16 K or 0.01 °C. The scale is a more accurate development of the Celsius temperature scale, which was originally defined according the boiling point (set to 100 °C) and melting point (set to 0 °C) of water.
Natural water consists mainly of the isotopes hydrogen-1 and oxygen-16, but there is also small quantity of heavier isotopes such as hydrogen-2 (deuterium). The amount of deuterium oxides or heavy water is very small, but it still affects the properties of water.
Water from rivers and lakes tends to contain less deuterium than seawater. Therefore, standard water is defined in the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water specification.
For drinking
The human body is anywhere from 55% to 78% water depending on body size.[34] To function properly, the body requires between one and seven liters of water per day to avoid dehydration; the precise amount depends on the level of activity, temperature, humidity, and other factors. Most of this is ingested through foods or beverages other than drinking straight water. It is not clear how much water intake is needed by healthy people, though most advocates agree that 6–7 glasses of water (approximately 2 liters) daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration. Medical literature favors a lower consumption, typically 1 liter of water for an average male, excluding extra requirements due to fluid loss from exercise or warm weather. For those who have healthy kidneys, it is rather difficult to drink too much water, but (especially in warm humid weather and while exercising) it is dangerous to drink too little. People can drink far more water than necessary while exercising, however, putting them at risk of water intoxication (hyper hydration), which can be fatal. The "fact" that a person should consume eight glasses of water per day cannot be traced back to a scientific source. There are other myths such as the effect of water on weight loss and constipation that have been dispelled.
Hygiene
The ability of water to make solutions and emulsions is used for washing. Many industrial processes rely on reactions using chemicals dissolved in water, suspension of solids in water slurries or using water to dissolve and extract substances.
Food processing
Water can be used to cook foods such as noodles.
Water plays many critical roles within the field of food science. It is important for a food scientist to understand the roles that water plays within food processing to ensure the success of their products.
Solutes such as salts and sugars found in water affect the physical properties of water. The boiling and freezing points of water is affected by solutes. One mole of sucrose (sugar) per kilogram of water raises the boiling point of water by 0.51 °C, and one mole of salt per kg raises the boiling point by 1.02 °C; similarly, increasing the number of dissolved particles lowers water's freezing point. Solutes in water also affect water activity which affects many chemical reactions and the growth of microbes in food. Water activity can be described as a ratio of the vapor pressure of water in a solution to the vapor pressure of pure water.[44] Solutes in water lower water activity. This is important to know because most bacterial growth ceases at low levels of water activity. Not only does microbial growth affect the safety of food but also the preservation and shelf life of food.
Water hardness is also a critical factor in food processing. It can dramatically affect the quality of a product as well as playing a role in sanitation. Water hardness is classified based on the amounts of removable calcium carbonate salt it contains per gallon. Water hardness is measured in grains; 0.064 g calcium carbonate is equivalent to one grain of hardness. Water is classified as soft if it contains 1 to 4 grains, medium if it contains 5 to 10 grains and hard if it contains 11 to 20 grains. The hardness of water may be altered or treated by using a chemical ion exchange system. The hardness of water also affects its pH balance which plays a critical role in food processing. For example, hard water prevents successful production of clear beverages. Water hardness also affects sanitation; with increasing hardness, there is a loss of effectiveness for its use as a sanitizer.
Boiling, steaming, and simmering are popular cooking methods that often require immersing food in water or its gaseous state, steam. Water is also used for dishwashing.
Water law, water politics and water crisis
An estimate of the share of people in developing countries with access to drinking water 1970–2000
Main articles: Water law, Water right, Water politics, and Water crisis
See also: Water resources
Water politics is politics affected by water and water resources. For this reason, water is a strategic resource in the globe and an important element in many political conflicts. It causes health impacts and damage to biodiversity.
1.6 billion people have gained access to a safe water source since 1990.[46] The proportion of people in developing countries with access to safe water is calculated to have improved from 30% in 1970[4] to 71% in 1990, 79% in 2000 and 84% in 2004. This trend is projected to continue.[5] To halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water is one of the Millennium Development Goals. This goal is projected to be reached.
A 2006 United Nations report stated that "there is enough water for everyone", but that access to it is hampered by mismanagement and corruption.[47]
The UN World Water Development Report (WWDR, 2003) from the World Water Assessment Program indicates that, in the next 20 years, the quantity of water available to everyone is predicted to decrease by 30%. 40% of the world's inhabitants currently have insufficient fresh water for minimal hygiene. More than 2.2 million people died in 2000 from waterborne diseases (related to the consumption of contaminated water) or drought. In 2004, the UK charity WaterAid reported that a child dies every 15 seconds from easily preventable water-related diseases; often this means lack of sewage disposal; see toilet.
Organizations concerned with water protection include International Water Association (IWA), WaterAid, Water 1st, American Water Resources Association. Water related conventions are United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and Ramsar Convention. World Day for Water takes place on 22 March and World Ocean Day on 8 June.
Water used in the production of a good or service is virtual water.
Religion
Main article: Water and religion
Water is considered a purifier in most religions. Major faiths that incorporate ritual washing (ablution) include Christianity, Hinduism, Rastafari movement, Islam, Shinto, Taoism, and Judaism. Immersion (or aspersion or affusion) of a person in water is a central sacrament of Christianity (where it is called baptism); it is also a part of the practice of other religions, including Judaism (mikvah) and Sikhism (Amrit Sanskar). In addition, a ritual bath in pure water is performed for the dead in many religions including Judaism and Islam. In Islam, the five daily prayers can be done in most cases (see Tayammum) after completing washing certain parts of the body using clean water (wudu). In Shinto, water is used in almost all rituals to cleanse a person or an area (e.g., in the ritual of misogi). Water is mentioned in the Bible 442 times in the New International Version and 363 times in the King James Version: 2 Peter 3:5(b) states, "The earth was formed out of water and by water" (NIV). In the Qur'an it is stated that "Living things are made of water" and it is often used to described Paradise.
Thursday, February 4, 2010
The knight From bloodstone (Legend)
In a city called Bloodstone in the Kingdom of kalimdor the fourth of the 4 legendary heroes was borned his name was Zartorius, he was an orphan his parents were killed by some thiefs when they were traveling also he was to poor we can say he had nothing only his older sister Rose. One cold day in the winter Zartorius and Rose were walking on the poor streets of Bloodstone, they stop to watch one merchant's stand there was a misterious musical box, the merchant said that it would make one of their wishes come true for only 5 gold pieces so they decide to get the 5 gold pieces by working. After 6 hours of hard working they got the gold but it was too late so they decided to go too sleep. At the next day they went to the merchant's stand to buy the box, when they buy it they went to a secret place were they make their wishes so they wished to live in the "Fairfax castle" the biggest castle in the land of kalimdor and it was the Home of the most powerfull king of the kingdom; When they wished that the box start glowing strangely and spining in the air then it dissapeared they were so disapointed, so they go to sleep. At the next morning some guards of the fairfax casttle told them to follow them because the Lich king wanted to talk with them; they were so happy because their wish come true, at the casttle the Lich king told them to stand on an specificly place what they didn't know was that he wanted to prove if they had hero blood to kill them so and with that know one colud stop his plans of conquering all kalimdor kingdom. The Lich king realized that they were heroes so he took his gun out and shot Zartorius sister then he told Zartorius "Know it's your turn to die!!" so he shot him and throw him out of the casttle by the window. His sister was dead but Zartorius still alive with the help of the most powerfull mage of the land she was called Hannah she knew he was one of the heroes so she decided to train Zartorius.
TEN YEARS LATER OF TRAINING...........
Zartorius became very strong and powerful but he was not as powerfull to defeat the Lich king he had to find the other 3 heroes "The hero of strenght", "The hero of Magic" and "The hero of agility" with his powers and the powers of the three heroes they will defeat the lich king but he had to find the 3 heroes afeter the lich king finishes building "The Needle", the needle was the most powerful thing in their world it could give inimagible powers to the one that wishes it but after the wish comes true the needle the needle dissapears. One day that Zartorius was walking in the sorroundings of Bloodstone he found a little dog he decided to adopt him and to take care of him he named the Dog Tiberius.
ONE MONTH LATER..........
Hannah told Zartorius that she had information about "The hero of strenght" but not enough so he had to search by his own the information so he decided to go to the city of Rookridge. After 3 days of traveling, he reached his destiny at Rookridge there he began to ask the people about "The hero of strenght" but no one have an idea of about he was talking. Then some monks of the belfist temple asked him to help them with a task : Scolting the daughter of their leader to the tomb of belfist to gather some holy water. In the tomb he killed many monsters and protected the daughter of the leader in the chamber she only lasted 5 minutes gathering the holy water so they exit from the tomb then when they got back into the room of the leader one guard of the Lich king shot the leader then the rage of the daughter make her to strong and killed the guard with only one punch so Zartorius realized that he found the hero of strenght but with a really high price the death of the leader, Then he called Hannah with his tellequinetic powers he gained in his training.
Six Months Later..........
Zartorius trained a lot he become powefull. Hannah gave him information about where the second hero was but first he had to be a famous warrior so he had to go to the Black Temple and defeat all the monsters inside of it. It was a very hard quest but he had to do it so he had to travel 15 days to the thiefs coast. In the road he found a forest troll the most powerfull monster of the region but he could defeat it and he became powerfull because its blood made a warrior 10 times more powerfull. At the thiefs coast he entered at the Black Temple he was very nervous but he remembered his sister so he entered. At the first chamber there was the first monster Lord Naj` entus it was a very hard fight and he broke his left hand so he couldn't use it at the second chamber there was Supremus the most biggest monster of all the lands the only way of killing him was cutting of his head but it was to hard because the monster was to big but he could jump to his shoulder and with his special sword made by the best blacksmither of the lands he could cut supremus head. At the next chamber there was general Kil J'aeden probably it was going to be the toughest fight of his life the only way of killing Kil J'aeden was ambushing his heart but it was to difficult because he had a very special chest made by the same blacksmither that made Zartorius's sword so it was a very hard fight but at the end he could efeat him but he was too hurt so he had to drink a health potion and he remembered that Hnannah gave him one so he drink it and he was okey again so he entered in the fourth room there was a black dragon with 7 heads it seem to be very powerful and the only way of killing it was cuting each of it's heads in only 5 minutes and if not each head that he cut will multiply by 2 in 4 minutes he cut 6 heads he had to cut only one more to kill the dragon but he couldn't he was so disapointed but now the dragon had 15 heads! it was to dificult to kill it but Zartorius's rage could defeat all things and he with only one cut of his sword cut the 15 heads of the dragon. He was proud of his self he could reach the last chamber where the most powerfull creature was no one could defeat it until now it was called Illidan the destroyer he was very powerfull but zartorius was convinced that he could destroy Illidan and he did it..... Know he was famous and he could reach the place were the 2nd and 3rd hero were captured the place was called "The Needle" but first he had to make himself stronger and rest before going there it was a hard quest and it was a very long quest to it lasts 10 year approximately 10 years to win the confidence of the "Commander" the right hand of Lich King and with that confidence he could scape with the 2 heroes and defeat Lich King and he did it after ten years of hard work
Now Kalimdor was safe of the Lich King
THE END!!!
TEN YEARS LATER OF TRAINING...........
Zartorius became very strong and powerful but he was not as powerfull to defeat the Lich king he had to find the other 3 heroes "The hero of strenght", "The hero of Magic" and "The hero of agility" with his powers and the powers of the three heroes they will defeat the lich king but he had to find the 3 heroes afeter the lich king finishes building "The Needle", the needle was the most powerful thing in their world it could give inimagible powers to the one that wishes it but after the wish comes true the needle the needle dissapears. One day that Zartorius was walking in the sorroundings of Bloodstone he found a little dog he decided to adopt him and to take care of him he named the Dog Tiberius.
ONE MONTH LATER..........
Hannah told Zartorius that she had information about "The hero of strenght" but not enough so he had to search by his own the information so he decided to go to the city of Rookridge. After 3 days of traveling, he reached his destiny at Rookridge there he began to ask the people about "The hero of strenght" but no one have an idea of about he was talking. Then some monks of the belfist temple asked him to help them with a task : Scolting the daughter of their leader to the tomb of belfist to gather some holy water. In the tomb he killed many monsters and protected the daughter of the leader in the chamber she only lasted 5 minutes gathering the holy water so they exit from the tomb then when they got back into the room of the leader one guard of the Lich king shot the leader then the rage of the daughter make her to strong and killed the guard with only one punch so Zartorius realized that he found the hero of strenght but with a really high price the death of the leader, Then he called Hannah with his tellequinetic powers he gained in his training.
Six Months Later..........
Zartorius trained a lot he become powefull. Hannah gave him information about where the second hero was but first he had to be a famous warrior so he had to go to the Black Temple and defeat all the monsters inside of it. It was a very hard quest but he had to do it so he had to travel 15 days to the thiefs coast. In the road he found a forest troll the most powerfull monster of the region but he could defeat it and he became powerfull because its blood made a warrior 10 times more powerfull. At the thiefs coast he entered at the Black Temple he was very nervous but he remembered his sister so he entered. At the first chamber there was the first monster Lord Naj` entus it was a very hard fight and he broke his left hand so he couldn't use it at the second chamber there was Supremus the most biggest monster of all the lands the only way of killing him was cutting of his head but it was to hard because the monster was to big but he could jump to his shoulder and with his special sword made by the best blacksmither of the lands he could cut supremus head. At the next chamber there was general Kil J'aeden probably it was going to be the toughest fight of his life the only way of killing Kil J'aeden was ambushing his heart but it was to difficult because he had a very special chest made by the same blacksmither that made Zartorius's sword so it was a very hard fight but at the end he could efeat him but he was too hurt so he had to drink a health potion and he remembered that Hnannah gave him one so he drink it and he was okey again so he entered in the fourth room there was a black dragon with 7 heads it seem to be very powerful and the only way of killing it was cuting each of it's heads in only 5 minutes and if not each head that he cut will multiply by 2 in 4 minutes he cut 6 heads he had to cut only one more to kill the dragon but he couldn't he was so disapointed but now the dragon had 15 heads! it was to dificult to kill it but Zartorius's rage could defeat all things and he with only one cut of his sword cut the 15 heads of the dragon. He was proud of his self he could reach the last chamber where the most powerfull creature was no one could defeat it until now it was called Illidan the destroyer he was very powerfull but zartorius was convinced that he could destroy Illidan and he did it..... Know he was famous and he could reach the place were the 2nd and 3rd hero were captured the place was called "The Needle" but first he had to make himself stronger and rest before going there it was a hard quest and it was a very long quest to it lasts 10 year approximately 10 years to win the confidence of the "Commander" the right hand of Lich King and with that confidence he could scape with the 2 heroes and defeat Lich King and he did it after ten years of hard work
Now Kalimdor was safe of the Lich King
THE END!!!
Thursday, January 21, 2010
Abraham Lincoln's Life
Born February 12, 1809, near Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S.—died April 15, 1865, Washington, D.C.Born in a backwoods cabin 3 miles (5 km) south of Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln was two years old when he was taken to a farm in the neighbouring valley of Knob Creek. His earliest memories were of this home and, in particular, of a flash flood that once washed away the corn and pumpkin seeds he had helped his father plant. His father, Thomas Lincoln, was the descendant of a weaver's apprentice who had migrated from England to Massachusetts in 1637. Though much less prosperous than some of his Lincoln forebears, Thomas was a sturdy pioneer. On June 12, 1806, he married Nancy Hanks. The Hanks genealogy is difficult to trace, but Nancy appears to have been of illegitimate birth. She has been described as “stoop-shouldered, thin-breasted, sad,” and fervently religious. Thomas and Nancy Lincoln had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died in infancy.
His precidence (1861-1865)
16th president of the United States who preserved the Union during the American Civil War and brought about the emancipation of the slaves. (For a discussion of the history and nature of the presidency, presidency of the United States of America.)
Coincidences with other people
February 2009, on the 200th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth, Britannica asked two prominent contributors to answer some Lincoln-related questions on the Britannica Blog. Noted historian James McPherson, author Tried by War and of Britannica's article “Translating Thought in Action: Grant's Personal Memoirs,” addresses Lincoln's role as commander in chief during the American Civil War; and New Yorker writer Adam Gopnik, author Angels and Ages and of the cultural life section of Britannica's United States article, considers Lincoln's similarities and differences with Charles Darwin, with whom he shares his birthday.Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846.
John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946.
Lincoln was elected President in 1860.
Kennedy was elected President in 1960.
The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain 7 letters.
They concentrated their efforts until the last day of their lives to civil rights.
Both were killed by shots to the head.
Both Presidents were shot on a Friday.
Both wives lost a child living in the White House.
Lincoln had a secretary named Kennedy.
Kennedy had a secretary named Lincoln.
Both were assassinated by individuals who were Southerners.
Both were succeeded by southerners in the government.
Both successors were named Johnson.
Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln was born in 1808.
Lyndon B. Johnson, who was Kennedy's successor, was born in 1908.
John Wilkes Booth, who assassinated Lincoln was, and was born in 1839.
Lee Harvey Oswald, who assassinated Kennedy was, and was born in 1939.
Both murderers were known to the world with their three names.
Both names are comprised of 15 letters.
Both criminals ran away from the scene.
Both were captured within minutes after the assassination where they hid.
Booth ran away from the theater where Lincoln shot and hid in a cellar.
Oswald ran off a winery from where Kennedy was shot and hid in a theater.
Both assassins were murdered before his appearance at trial.
A week before his assassination, Lincoln had been in Monroe, Maryland
A week before his assassination, Kennedy had been with Marilyn Monroe.
Both Presidents were over 6 feet tall. Both were athletic men.
Both enjoyed sitting in a rocking chair. Both liked the Bible quotes and Shakespeare.
Both were captains of vessels
Both were with their wives when two separate attacks, and none of them were injured and both claimed the heads of their husbands when they were mortally wounded.
Lincoln was shot in the theater "Ford". Kennedy was in a limousine "Lincoln", a product of "Ford".
Lincoln was sitting in the theater in the balcony 7; Kennedy was in the vehicle 7, the presidential motorcade.
Both presidents died in the places where they tried to save their lives and their names beginning with "P" and "H" in the case of Lincoln, died in "Paterson House and Kennedy died in the" Park Hospital. "
Both autopsies were performed by military medical personnel and both leaders were buried in coffins mahogany .-
The remains of two presidents lie very close to each other. Mrs. Kennedy insisted that the closeness between the two catafalque outside the minimum.
Thursday, December 3, 2009
The Metal School
The Metal School
Our Slogan
“we make our future”
We choose our slogan because we can choose our destiny according to the things we like.
Our shield
We choose this shield because Metallica band is our inspiration to open this school
Our flag
We choose our flag because this is what represent us and this is what we teach in our school.
Subjects
Monday
-Rock
-Heavy Metal
-Recess
-Musical Ed.
-Punk
-Rock and Roll
-Rock and Roll
Tuesday
-Videos
-Videos
-Recess
-Solos
-Rock
-Instrumental Ed.
-Instrumental Ed.
Wednesday
-Solos
-Solos
-Recess
-Punk
-Punk
-Blues
-Blues
Thursday
-Rock
-Rock
-Recess
-Musical Ed.
-Musical Ed.
-Videos
-Videos
Friday
-Instrumental Ed.
-Rock and Roll
-Recess
-Rock
-Rock
-Heavy Metal
-Heavy Metal
Uniform
Is a black shacked with a black pant.
Is black in reference of the fauns group
The Anthem
End of puppet plays, bumbling away I'm your source of self-amusement Hands that jump with fun, moving little one Working in puppet playground Move me you will see String is all you need Dedicated to How I'm pulling you Come bouncing faster Obey your master Your legs run faster Obey your master Master Master of Muppets I'm pulling your strings Turning your head and tapping your feet Guided by me, you can dance and sing Just call my name, 'cause I'll hear your sing Master Master Just call my name, 'cause I'll fix your seam Master Master Needlework the way, making puppets play Life of socks becoming clearer Play monopoly, my puppet and me Test your talent in the mirror Watch me you will see String is all you need Dedicated to How I'm playing you Come bouncing faster Obey your master Your arms wave faster Obey your master Master Master of Muppets I'm pulling your strings Twisting your head and working your seams Guided by me, you can fly and fling Just call my name, 'cause I'll give you wings Master Master Just call my name, 'cause I have the dream Master Master Master, master, where's the dreams that I've been after ? Master, master, "I'm a real boy" Laughter, laughter, all I hear or see is laughter Laughter, laughter, laughter made of joy Fur is worth all that, fabric habitat Just a face without an eyebrow Neverending gaze, drift on floppy legs Now your legs are out of rhythm, I will occupy I will help you smile, I will run for you Now I'm furry too Come bumbling faster Obey your master Your legs run faster Obey your master Master Master of Muppets I'm pulling your strings Twisting your head and working your seams Guided by me, you can fly and fling Just call my name, 'cause I'll give you wings Master Master Just call my name, 'cause I have the dream Master zMaster
Our Slogan
“we make our future”
We choose our slogan because we can choose our destiny according to the things we like.
Our shield
We choose this shield because Metallica band is our inspiration to open this school
Our flag
We choose our flag because this is what represent us and this is what we teach in our school.
Subjects
Monday
-Rock
-Heavy Metal
-Recess
-Musical Ed.
-Punk
-Rock and Roll
-Rock and Roll
Tuesday
-Videos
-Videos
-Recess
-Solos
-Rock
-Instrumental Ed.
-Instrumental Ed.
Wednesday
-Solos
-Solos
-Recess
-Punk
-Punk
-Blues
-Blues
Thursday
-Rock
-Rock
-Recess
-Musical Ed.
-Musical Ed.
-Videos
-Videos
Friday
-Instrumental Ed.
-Rock and Roll
-Recess
-Rock
-Rock
-Heavy Metal
-Heavy Metal
Uniform
Is a black shacked with a black pant.
Is black in reference of the fauns group
The Anthem
End of puppet plays, bumbling away I'm your source of self-amusement Hands that jump with fun, moving little one Working in puppet playground Move me you will see String is all you need Dedicated to How I'm pulling you Come bouncing faster Obey your master Your legs run faster Obey your master Master Master of Muppets I'm pulling your strings Turning your head and tapping your feet Guided by me, you can dance and sing Just call my name, 'cause I'll hear your sing Master Master Just call my name, 'cause I'll fix your seam Master Master Needlework the way, making puppets play Life of socks becoming clearer Play monopoly, my puppet and me Test your talent in the mirror Watch me you will see String is all you need Dedicated to How I'm playing you Come bouncing faster Obey your master Your arms wave faster Obey your master Master Master of Muppets I'm pulling your strings Twisting your head and working your seams Guided by me, you can fly and fling Just call my name, 'cause I'll give you wings Master Master Just call my name, 'cause I have the dream Master Master Master, master, where's the dreams that I've been after ? Master, master, "I'm a real boy" Laughter, laughter, all I hear or see is laughter Laughter, laughter, laughter made of joy Fur is worth all that, fabric habitat Just a face without an eyebrow Neverending gaze, drift on floppy legs Now your legs are out of rhythm, I will occupy I will help you smile, I will run for you Now I'm furry too Come bumbling faster Obey your master Your legs run faster Obey your master Master Master of Muppets I'm pulling your strings Twisting your head and working your seams Guided by me, you can fly and fling Just call my name, 'cause I'll give you wings Master Master Just call my name, 'cause I have the dream Master zMaster
La Tomatina
Tomatina festival
HISTORY
It all started on the last Wednesday of August 1945, when some young people were getting fresh air in the town square. The evening did not promise much, so they decided to form part of a parade that was taking place with musicians and carnival figures of giants and enormous headed individuals. The impetus of their entry caused the fall of a participant who full of rage, began to hit everyone in his way. By a quirk of fate, there just happened to be a stand of vegetables beside them. The angry crowd started throwing tomatoes at each other until the public law put an end to the vegetable battle
THE RULES OF THE FESTIVAL
If you want La Tomatina to continue being fun and to run smoothly, kindly follow the rules that the City Hall of Buñol recommends:
Do not carry bottles or hard objects, they can cause accidents and hurt your fellow battlers
Do not break T-shirts or throw them around
Please crush the tomatoes before you launch them, the blow will be less painful
Keep a safe distance with the trucks
Stop throwing tomatoes when you hear the second shot
implements
Tomato
Protection Masks
Swimming glasses
EVENT
At around 11 a .m., the first event of the Tomatina begins. A ham is placed upon a cockaigne pole (a large, greased pole), and the tomato fight can begin only when someone is able to climb to the top and bring it down. People struggle against each other, climbing atop one another, in order to be the one to pull down the ham. With this victory, the tomato-throwing begins.Approximately 30,000 people come to the tomato fight, multiplying by several times Buñol's normal population of 9,000. There are not many accommodations for people who come to La Tomatina , and thus many participants stay in Valencia and travel by bus or train to Buñol, about 38 km outside the city. In preparation for the dirty mess that will ensue, shopkeepers cover their storefronts in order to protect them from the carnage.
Setting
It is in the pricipal cities of spain like:
Madrid
BUÑOL
VALENCIA
Sevilla
And other cities of spain
Tradition
On the last Wednesday of August in Bunol, a small town out of Valencia, residents are preparing for the annual battle of the tomato. This event is known the world as "La Tomatina festival. It is a tradition of sixty years, which now includes forty thousand participants, and about one hundred thousand pounds of ripe tomatoes. The morning of the party, participants from around the world relax and eat the food and wine provided by the City of Buñol. Then go to the plaza in the town where they should await the arrival of the first of five trucks carrying tomatoes. When they arrive, organizers fired a rocket, indicating the beginning of the battle. The fighters, who usually wear shorts and shirts for the day's events, throw tomatoes at each other for intense one hours. The action must end with the sound of rocket second. When all has calmed down, go to the river to wash and then return to town to clean up the streets. Nobody knows exactly why the party exists, but there are a variety of theories about the origin. The most popular version says that the tradition has begun in 1945, when a group of young people have tried to enter in a procession of "figures with large heads. Have plagued the actors wore costumes and so a fight broke out. Young people have taken of tomatoes from a stall nearby, and have cast their opponents. The following year they return at the same time to repeat the battle. Since then, the "Tomatina" has been a tradition of Buñol. Although today the festival is an annual occurrence, a "Fiesta of International Tourist Interest
Practical advices
At La Tomatina you can always have fun, but if you want it to be memorable, follow the tips we give you:
Choose running shoes you don’t have mush esteem for, and tie them to your ancles. Other types of shoes can be easily lost
Wear old clothes you don’t intend to use again, they will most likely end up broken.
Diving goggles are quite convenient. The acid contained in the tomatoes can sting your eyes a lot, but leaves your skin clean and soft.
If you want to take pictures, use a waterproof camera.
If you want to see better, never go up railings, windows, pillars, etc., you will become a perfect target for all the tomatoes
If you're an outsider and you want to spend the night in Buñol, make sure you look for accommodation in advance.
Do not miss the soap stick: a soap smeared pole with a ham hanging on the top. Whoever gets to the ham, keeps it.
And, of course, enjoy the most of it. It’s marvellous to do something as absurd as throwing tomatoes to everyone for an hour.
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